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<title>Hugh Chisholm</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugh Chisholm</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Canadian-American industrialist of the same name, see <a href="Hugh_J._Chisholm" title="Hugh J. Chisholm">Hugh J. Chisholm</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hugh Chisholm</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Chisholm in 1903</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 1866<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="dtstart bday">1866-02-22</span>)</span><br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="London" title="London">London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 September 1924<span style="display:none">(1924-09-29)</span> (aged&nbsp;58)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Journalist and encyclopedia editor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&nbsp;for</th><td class="infobox-data">10th, <a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">11th</a>, and 12th editions of the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Archibald_Chisholm" title="Archibald Chisholm">Archibald</a> and 2 other sons</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Grace_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace Chisholm">Grace Chisholm</a> (sister)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Hugh Chisholm</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' in 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>/</span></span> <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">CHIZ</span>-əm</i>; 22 February 1866 – 29 September 1924) was a British journalist. He was the editor of the 10th, 11th and 12th editions of the <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2></div>
<p>He was born in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, England, a son of Henry Williams Chisholm (1809–1901), <a href="Warden_of_the_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Warden of the Standards">Warden of the Standards</a> at the <a href="Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Board of Trade</a>, and his wife Anna Louisa Bell; the mathematician <a href="Grace_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace Chisholm">Grace Chisholm</a> was his sister. He was educated at <a href="Felsted_School" title="Felsted School">Felsted School</a> and matriculated at <a href="Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford</a>, in 1884, graduating in 1888 with a first class in <i><a href="Literae_humaniores" title="Literae humaniores">literae humaniores</a></i>. He was <a href="Called_to_the_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Called to the bar">called to the bar</a> at the <a href="Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a> in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Chisholm worked for <i><a href="The_St_James's_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The St James's Gazette">The St James's Gazette</a></i> as assistant editor from 1892 and was appointed editor in 1897. During these years, he also contributed numerous articles on political, financial and literary subjects to the weekly journals and monthly reviews, becoming well known as a literary critic and conservative publicist. He moved in 1899 to <i><a href="London_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="London Evening Standard">The Standard</a></i> as chief leader-writer and moved in 1900 to <i><a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, to act as co-editor with <a href="Donald_Mackenzie_Wallace" title="Donald Mackenzie Wallace">Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace</a> and President <a href="Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Arthur Twining Hadley</a> of <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> on preparation of the eleven volumes forming the 10th edition of the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. In 1903, he became editor-in-chief for the <a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">11th edition</a>, which was completed under his direction in 1910, and published as a whole by the <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, in 29 volumes, in 1911. He subsequently planned and edited the <i>Britannica Year-Book</i> (1913).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1922_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1922-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Chisholm had been suggested as replacement as editor of <i><a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> as an alternative to <a href="Geoffrey_Dawson" title="Geoffrey Dawson">Geoffrey Dawson</a>. <a href="Lord_Northcliffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Northcliffe">Lord Northcliffe</a>, owner of <i>The Times</i> from 1909, promised him the post in 1911, but did not act on the promise, and Dawson continued to 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1913, following his return from America overseeing the printing of <i>The Britannica Year-Book</i>, Chisholm was appointed day editor of <i>The Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1922_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1922-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His role included that of <a href="Leader_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader writer">leader writer</a>; but eventually he fell out with Northcliffe.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1913, he was appointed a director of the company. He was financial editor throughout <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War&nbsp;I</a>, resigning in 1920 when he embarked on the editorship of the three volumes forming the 12th edition of <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, published in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1922_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1922-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2></div>
<p>In 1893, Chisholm married Eliza Beatrix Harrison, daughter of <a href="Henry_Harrison_(Irish_politician)" title="Henry Harrison (Irish politician)">Henry Harrison</a> of <a href="County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a>. Together they had three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their son <a href="Archibald_Chisholm" title="Archibald Chisholm">Archibald Chisholm</a> played a key role in the development of the oil industry in <a href="Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and was editor of the <i><a href="Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> from 1937 to 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Times92_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFHamilton" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Nigel_Hamilton_(author)" title="Nigel Hamilton (author)">Hamilton, N.</a> "Chisholm, Hugh (1866–1924)". <i><a href="Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online&nbsp;ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F32404">10.1093/ref:odnb/32404</a>.</cite> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1888–1891" class="citation cs1"><a href="Joseph_Foster_(genealogist)" title="Joseph Foster (genealogist)">Foster, Joseph</a> (1888–1891). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Chisholm, Hugh"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alumni_Oxonienses:_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1715-1886/Chisholm,_Hugh">"Chisholm, Hugh"&nbsp;</a></span>. <i><a href="Alumni_Oxonienses%3A_the_Members_of_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_1715%E2%80%931886" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886">Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886</a></i>. Oxford: James Parker – via <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-EB1922-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1922_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1922_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1922_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chisholm, Hugh"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chisholm,_Hugh">"Chisholm, Hugh"&nbsp;</a></span>. <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&nbsp;30 (12th&nbsp;ed.). London &amp; New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p.&nbsp;669.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Times92-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Times92_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/IF0503348463/TTDA?u=wes_ttda&amp;sid=bookmark-TTDA&amp;xid=12d3ec21">"Archibald Chisholm"</a>. <i><a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. No.&nbsp;64507. 4 December 1992. p.&nbsp;21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>
<ul><li><i>The Times</i>, 30 September 1924, p 14, Issue 43770, Col d. Obituary of Chisholm.</li>
<li><a href="Janet_E._Courtney" title="Janet E. Courtney">Janet E. Courtney</a>: <i>An Oxford Portrait Gallery</i>, (London) 1931, pp 167–157. Janet Courtney, née Hogarth, worked for <i>The Times</i> Book Club and was later responsible for the arrangement of the Index volume to the 11th and 12th editions of <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</li>
<li>Anon, <i>History of "The Times"</i>, Vol 3, 1884 - 1912, (1939) pp 121, 519, 755, 829</li>
<li><i>Ibid</i>, Vol 4, 1912 - 1920, (1947) pp 143, 137, 138, 208, 472</li>
<li><i><a href="Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, article "Hugh Chisholm"</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Hugh_Chisholm" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Author:Hugh Chisholm">Hugh Chisholm</a></b></div></div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~recb/chisoc/Medlam/ChisBell/chbh1.txt">The Chisholm family</a></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607942#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1938" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607942#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1938" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108573573">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49382388">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvxwqw48wdrx47r7PxJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116505346">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83828744">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135261148">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135261148">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1613237">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=114428">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text external" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/186398">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007574298605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0560064X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/116505346.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067043704">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jh4rrf">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/38cdb14e-ddb6-4d0a-9b64-a2b20ffed26f">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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